![]() Poor validity is typically the result of systematic error, which causes the estimated value to be distorted in a particular direction away from the true value. self-report of body mass in adolescent vs. The same method is applied in different contexts or populations (e.g. ![]() ![]() accelerometer estimates of activity intensity during running vs. The same method is used to assess two different phenomena (e.g.laboratory weighing scale measures of adolescent body mass) Two different methods are used to assess the same phenomenon (e.g.Since we cannot know the true value with absolute certainty, it follows that interpretation of validity cannot be simplified to the question: is this method valid or not? Instead, validity differs according to variable of interest, study design, population and context. Estimated Value = True Value + Total Error
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